March 11, 2023
Introduction to the ATtiny85 Microcontroller
Share
BuildWithFlux
The ATtiny85 is a tiny but powerful microcontroller chip that has become increasingly popular among hobbyists, makers, and professionals alike. Manufactured by Atmel Corporation, which is now a part of Microchip Technology, the ATtiny85 is a low-cost, low-power device that packs a lot of functionality into a Attiny core small package.
Despite its small size, the ATtiny85 is capable of running a wide range of applications and is often used in projects that require real-time processing, low power consumption, and a small form factor. Its simple architecture and ease of use make it an ideal choice for beginners who are just getting started with microcontrollers and embedded systems.
Another important feature of the ATtiny85 is its 8-bit architecture, which allows it to process data in 8-bit chunks. This limits the range of values that it can process but also makes it more efficient and less power-hungry than 16-bit or 32-bit microcontrollers. The ATtiny85 belongs to the AVR controller category, which is based on Harvard architecture and includes separate locations for program and data memory.
In this article, we will explore some of the key features of the ATtiny and how they can be used in various applications. We will also discuss how to upload code to the ATtiny85 and some of the challenges that beginners may face when working with this microcontroller. By the end of this article, you will have a better understanding of what the ATtiny85 is capable of and how you can use it in your own projects.
A curated collection of PCB and hardware projects crafted by our talented Flux community.
Starting a new hardware project can be overwhelming, but the completely overhauled Copilot simplifies the process by guiding you through component selection, spec verification. Just describe your goals and Copilot engages in a focused conversation to refine your requirements like a seasoned hardware engineer.
Ask me a structured set of questions (about 5 one at a time) to help brainstorm and outline the most important parts of a project including the critical technical requirements, including power, components, performance, constraints, Use case etc
Always provide multiple options where applicable, considering trade-offs in cost, efficiency, size, and performance. By the end of this process, I want:
1. A block diagram illustrating the system architecture.
2. A complete list of all components, including passives and active components.
Instead of wading through datasheets and Google searches, use Copilot to select appropriate parts for implementation, recommending main and alternative components that meet design requirements. Tip: You can use tool like @library to direct Copilot to search the part library, or @file to direct Copilot to use datasheet details in it’s responses.
@library List out 5 switching regulators that I can use for my project with a maximum output current of 2A. Include key parameters such as input voltage range, output voltage range, switching frequency, efficiency, and package type.
@file extract the following details from the datasheet of @U2
1. Key features
2. Functional Pin Description
- List each pin with its name, function, and relevant electrical characteristics.
3. From the Typical Application Circuit:
- List all components present along with their values in a table format.
- Describe explicitly how each pin is connected.
4. Any circuit-Specific Design Notes
Identify alternative components for @U4 with similar functionality, pin configurations, and electrical characteristics. Include key differences and trade-offs.
@file extract the absolute maximum ratings of @U1 including voltage, current, and thermal limits. Present the data in a clear table format.
@file Explain @U1 in detail, including its purpose, key functions, and common applications. Describe how it operates within a circuit and any notable characteristics. Also, explain the family or series this component belongs to, highlighting its variations, key differences, and typical use cases compared to other models in the series.
@file Extract the recommended operating conditions for @IC2. Retrieve key parameters such as supply voltage range, operating temperature range, input/output voltage levels, and other relevant conditions specified for optimal performance.
Compare LMR33630ADDAR and MP2451DJ-LF-Z in terms of efficiency, output ripple, load regulation, and thermal performance. Highlight key differences in topology, switching frequency, and suitability for a [specific application, e.g., battery-powered wearable]. Provide a recommendation based on [input voltage range, output voltage, current requirements.
Analyze all the parts in the project context and generate a consolidated parts table that optimizes component selection. Specifically, apply the following consolidation rule:
- Identify passive components (resistors, capacitors, inductors) with the same values but different MPNs (Manufacturer Part Numbers).
- Propose a single standardized MPN for each unique value, prioritizing parts with better availability, and popular supplier.
Present the table clearly. The table must strictly list and analyze all passive components in the project context. It must not use vague terms such as “etc.” or truncate the list in any way. The table should have the following headers (Original Part Category (e.g., Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor), Original Values/Specs (e.g., 10kΩ, 1μF, 100mH), Original MPNs (List all variants found in the project), Proposed Consolidated MPN (Recommended single part), Reason for Consolidation (e.g., same specs, better tolerance, reduced part diversity)
Copilot isn’t just here to answer questions—it can take direct action in your project, helping you place components, modify properties, and refine your design faster than ever. Instead of manually searching for parts or tweaking values one by one, you can ask Copilot to handle specific tasks, like adding a resistor with a defined value or updating a component’s footprint.
When Copilot detects an action it can execute, you’ll see an action button appear—click it to apply the change instantly. If you don’t see a button, try rephrasing your request or breaking it into smaller steps. While Copilot can’t yet generate an entire schematic at once, it’s great at guiding you through the process, handling tedious tasks, and keeping your workflow smooth.
I want the 555 timer to operate at a frequency of 1.5 kHz.
@library add the following components to the project:
- NE555 Timer IC
- 2-Pin Terminal Block Connector (for power input)
- Resistors:
- R1 = 10kΩ
- R2 = 100Ω
- R3 (Current-limiting resistor for output)
- Capacitors:
- C1 = 100nF (0.1µF)
- C2 = 0.1µF (Decoupling capacitor)
- Diode: 1N4148
- LED
- Ground connection
@library add the following components to this project; NE555 Timer IC, 2-Pin Terminal Block Connector (for power input) and two 0603 1k ohm resistors
When working on a design, precise calculations are key—but instead of crunching numbers manually, Copilot can help streamline the process. Whether you need to size a resistor, calculate power consumption, or verify signal integrity, you can use Copilot to gather equations and relevant data before running calculations.
Start by pulling in the necessary formulas and values using @file or @library, ensuring you have all the details upfront. Once you’ve gathered the required inputs, use the @calculator tool to perform the calculations accurately. Taking this structured approach will help you get the most reliable results from Copilot.
@file obtain the equation for sizing the inductor for @U2, along with the required parameter values needed for the calculation.
@calculator calculate the inductor size for U2 needed for my project (Vin = 5V, Vout = 3.3V, Iout = 1A)
@calculator calculate the required PCB trace width for the 12V power rail according to the IPC-2221 standard. The trace should handle a current of 3A with a maximum allowable temperature rise of 10°C. Assume a copper thickness of 1oz and an ambient temperature of 25°C.
@calculator calculate the required decoupling capacitance for @C2 and @C3 considering ±50mv noise/ripple range.
Focuses on early project development to establish a solid project foundation.
@copilot, use mermaid-formatted block diagrams to generate 2 well-detailed architecture design of this project for comparison. Make sure to use the technical and functional requirements information.
@copilot, I’m designing a custom voice-controlled speaker and I initially want it to have buttons, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and rechargeable battery. Help me brainstorm and develop a comprehensive product requirements document. Ask me one question at a time, waiting for my response before moving to the next question.
@copilot, validate the the suggested architecture in the block diagram matches the product requirements set for this project. Point out any missing blocks that would be needed to satisfy the requirements.
Brainstorm and optimize modular circuit blocks for faster hardware development.
@copilot, based on my requirements, help me figure out the best power architecture for this project. What should the power tree look like?
Involves choosing appropriate parts for implementation, recommending main and alternative components that meet design requirements.
@copilot, here's the block diagram of this design. In a table format, recommend at least 3 IC for each block highlighting the electrical characteristics of the IC and why you recommended it.
@copilot, list all components specified in the datasheet of U1 for building the typical application circuit. Present the information in a detailed table format with equations needed to size the components.
@copilot, outline the electrical characteristics of U4 as detailed in the datasheet. Then, suggest at least four drop-in replacement parts, presented in a table format with the columns
@copilot, query all components in the schematic that do not have an assigned manufacturer part number (MPN). Compile these components into a table format with the following details: Designator, Component Function, Electrical Properties, and Recommended MPN (Provide a list of recommended part numbers based on the component's properties, focusing on the most popular and widely available parts).
Focuses on optimizing component selection and management, including consolidating similar passive components and addressing part obsolescence to streamline the bill of materials and reduce costs.
@copilot, perform a BoM consolidation review to identify passive components (resistors, capacitors, and inductors) that have similar but different values (within ±50%) and the same package code. The goal is to simplify the BoM and reduce costs by replacing these components with a single value where possible, without affecting the circuit's functionality.
For each group of similar components, compare their electrical and mechanical characteristics, then identify a single value that can replace the others. Provide a detailed comparison table for each group, listing the designators, component values, package codes, and the proposed consolidated value, along with key specifications and any additional notes. Document the final proposed consolidated BoM in a table format.
@copilot, identify all components in the schematic that are either obsolete or not recommended for new designs (NRND). Compile these components into a table with the following details: Designator, Description/Function, Obsolete/NRND Status, Recommended Alternative Parts (Suggest at least 2 alternative components and their MPN that are current, widely available, and suitable replacements, based on the original component's specifications).
Involves precise calculations for sizing various components often using Python for accuracy and presenting results in detailed tables.
@copilot, from the datasheet of U1 obtain equations used to
Calculate these values using python and present the results in a clear and detailed table.
@copilot, use Python to calculate the load capacitors for Y1 using the information from its datasheet.
@copilot, use the datasheets of LED D5 and D2 to obtain electrical characteristics needed to calculate the appropriate current-limiting resistor value. Then use python to calculate the value and present it in a well detailed table forma.
Involves detailed examination of integrated components to ensure proper component selection and usage in the design.
@copilot, from the datasheet of U2 List the pin names, functions, and additional attributes for the IC. Include the following details for each pin in a table format: Pin Name, Function, Pin Type (e.g., power, ground, signal), Pin Direction (e.g., input, output, bidirectional, passive), Default State (e.g., high, low, floating), Voltage Level (if applicable), Additional Notes (e.g., pull-up/pull-down resistor, special considerations).
@copilot What are the absolute maximum ratings for U5? Identify any critical components that must be carefully selected to stay within these limits and present the results in a well detailed table format.
Utilizes Python to create visual representations of design data to assist in analysis and decision-making.
@copilot, use python to plot a bar graph showing the most expensive components in this design.
Provides thorough checks of specific circuit elements to verify correct calculations and implementation in the schematic and layout.
@copilot, list all ICs and the decoupling capacitors attached to each. Ensure to include all ICs present in the design, including digital ICs, power converters, LDOs, etc. For every IC, clearly state:
@copilot, review the design to ensure all current-limiting resistors for LEDs are correctly calculated for a current range of 1mA to 10mA. Follow these steps:
@copilot, determine the efficiency of U4 at various load conditions, considering that the input is a battery with a voltage range from 4.2V (fully charged) to 3.3V (low battery level). Identify which components in the circuit affect this efficiency and present that in a detailed table. Finally, use python to plot a graph showing the efficiency of U1 across the range of load conditions and input voltages.
Generates test plans and collaborative workflows, ensuring your hardware is manufactured error-free.
@copilot, create a detailed step-by-step plan table for this project to verify its functionality.
@copilot, develop an FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) report in a table format that analyzes the systems schematic, each unique component specification, and operational parameters. It should identify critical failure modes, assess their impact, and recommend mitigation actions based on severity, occurrence probability, and detectability. Include columns such as: process step, potential failure mode, potential failure effect, S, O, D, RPN, Action Recommended, and any other you see fit.
Copilot can help get you started quickly by understanding the requirements and providing guidance.
@copilot here's a block diagram I've been working on. Can you suggest ICs I might use to implement this in Flux?
@copilot I'd like to build a smart curtain that opens or closes based on the amount of sunshine I want to enter my room. How would you approach designing this? Please ask me questions to help with the development.
@copilot I'm designing a PCB for a medical device that measures heart rate and temperature. Can you give me the list of components I will need?
@copilot I'd like to build geeky wristwatch with LED display. How would you approach building this? Please ask me questions to help me design this.
Copilot can connect complex parts for you, explore design options, and provide a bill of materials for a target project.
@copilot here's a plot of the charging profile of U2. What charging phase would it be in at 3.2V?
@copilot, how would I connect these parts to make the LED flash at 1kHz?
@copilot, how would I connect these two HDMI connectors as a pass through?
@copilot, how should I connect RP2040 and TFT LCD?
@copilot can you choose 4 digital pins on the ATMega328P-AU that I have here to use as GPIO given that I am already using some pins for reset, the external clock, UART, and I2C.
Copilot can understand datasheets and reference them in its responses. This means you get more accurate responses when asking Copilot questions about specific parts.
@copilot what's the max voltage I can supply to U2?
@copilot can U2 withstand intense operating temperatures even without a heatsink?
@copilot what is the maximum frequency I can reach without an external crystal on U6?
@copilot I'm a firmware engineer. How do I configure an interrupt on a pin for U4?
@copilot what are the clock requirements for U4?
Copilot answers questions about how to use Flux by referencing our documentation. So, instead of getting stuck and searching documentation, you can stay in the flow and get the help you need without leaving your project!
@copilot can you explain the different dimensions of this footprint diagram?
@copilot how do I know if a part has a simulation model?
@copilot how do I connect ground to these components?
@copilot I can't find part on the library what do I do?
@copilot how do I know my projects are safe and private?
@copilot what resistor do I need to limit the current on LED1 while being driven by U1?
@copilot can you help me debugging this circuit, and help me understand if there's any problems?
@copilot can you check all my components in my schematic and tell me if I am missing any manufacturer part number fields?
@copilot how would I decrease the distance between my ground fill and my vias?
Copilot can provide valuable recommendations to optimize your design based on constraints and specifications.
@copilot please review this block diagram and compare it to my project, is there anything I'm missing?
@copilot what components do I need to power a 30w speaker to this audio driver amplifier?
@copilot can you suggest a suitable ADC for microphone pickup going through an Arduino Uno?
@copilot can I use U1 to make a 20db gain op-amp?
@copilot I want to build a PCB that uses a solar panel to charge a single cell LiPo battery. I want to measure ambient pressure with a microcontroller and send that over WiFi. What are all the components I would need?
Copilot can offer tailored suggestions and analyze tradeoffs based on your project goals, constraints, and specifications.
@copilot can you suggest an alternative to C1 that meets the same specs but is more cost-effective?
@copilot are there any alternatives to U2 that have better availability?
Flux Copilot has a range of tools to help you through your design process. For the best results, use one tool at a time. This helps Copilot focus on a single task, making its responses more accurate and actionable.
Flux Copilot is here to make hardware design more straightforward and efficient. By following these prompts and tips, you can streamline your workflow, reduce errors, and tackle each step of your project with confidence. Feel free to share your results and favorite prompts in our Slack Community.
Happy designing!
Yes, ATtiny85 has two analog input pins, namely PB2 (ADC1) and PB3 (ADC3). These pins can be used to read analog signals from external sensors or other devices. It's one of the key features of the ATtiny85 is its analog input pins, which enable it to read analog signals from external sensors or other devices. This makes it suitable for applications that require high precision, such as temperature sensing and audio processing.
The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in ATtiny85 has a resolution of 10 bits, which means that it can convert analog signals into digital values with a range of 0 to 1023. This makes it suitable for applications that require high precision, such as temperature sensing and audio processing.
ATtiny85 is an 8-bit microcontroller, which means that it can process data in 8-bit chunks. This limits the range of values that it can process, but also makes it more efficient and less power-hungry than 16-bit or 32-bit microcontrollers.
The 8-bit architecture of ATtiny85 means that it can perform simple arithmetic and logic operations quickly and efficiently. However, it may not be suitable for applications that require complex mathematical calculations or high-speed data processing.
Yes, ATtiny85 is a microcontroller. It is a small, integrated circuit that contains a processor core, memory, and a variety of peripherals. It is designed to be used in embedded systems and can be programmed to perform specific tasks.
The microcontroller architecture of ATtiny85 makes it ideal for use in applications that require real-time processing, such as sensor data acquisition, motor control, and audio processing. It is also suitable for applications that require low power consumption and a small form factor.
This module comes with software select power saving modes that are very helpful for the applications that operate with minimum power.
Like other controllers introduced by the Microchip, this module comes with 10-bit ADC converter that houses 4 analog channels that help in sensor interfacing and converting analog signals to digital ones.
This tiny chip is available in four packages called PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP, and QFN where first three come with 8-pin interface while the last one contains 20 pins.
ATtiny85 can perform a number of functions on a single chip. Some pins come with an ability to employ more than one functions.
One of the powerful features of the ATtiny85 microcontroller is its ability to function as a timercounter.. The ATtiny85 has two 8-bit timers (Timer0 and Timer1) that can be used for a variety of timing applications. These timers can operate in several different modes, including:
In addition to the timers, the ATtiny85 also has a built-in watchdog timer that can be used to reset the microcontroller if it becomes stuck or unresponsive. This feature is especially useful in safety-critical applications where the microcontroller needs to be able to recover from errors and prevent system failures.
ATtiny85 comes with a serial peripheral interface (SPI) that is mainly used for communication between the microcontroller and other peripheral devices such as SD cards, sensors, and shift registers. It incorporates separate clock and data lines with the addition of a select line to pick the required device for communication. This communication allows both connected device to lay out the same path of communication under one communication protocol.
I2C protocol is added in the device that is mainly two-wire protocol used to connect low-speed devices like ADC and DAC converters, I/O interfaces and microcontrollers. The two wires, known as Serial Clock (SCL) and Serial Data (SDA), are the main part of this communication protocol. The SCL line behaves like a clock signal that is generated by the master device and synchronizes the data transfer between the devices. While the SDA line is used to carry the required data.
The BOD is a very useful function that helps in resetting the controller once the Vdd (voltage supply) drops below a brownout threshold voltage. The multiple voltage ranges are provided to secure the module once the power drops at the voltage supply line.
The interrupt plays a vital role in an emergency which puts the main function on hold and executes the required instructions that are necessary at that time. Once the interrupt is executed the running code puts the controller back to the main program.
ADC module is a valuable addition in the device that makes it compatible with the sensors. It is a 10-bit module that contains 4 channels which are little less than the number of channels available on the modules introduced by Microchip that, more or less, come with 7 or 12 channels.
In addition to these applications, ATtiny85 can also be used in various DIY projects, hobbyist electronics, and educational projects. Its simplicity and ease of use make it a great choice for beginners who are learning about microcontrollers and embedded systems.
The ATtiny85 comes in various packages, including:
Following table shows the pin description that will help you understand the major functions associated with each pin.
The memory of this little toy is designed and based on Atmel's high-density technology that is basically non-volatile in nature. The Program Memory can be reprogrammed through SPI serial interface using two ways i.e. On-chip boot code or non-volatile memory programmer. The main program execution is mainly done inside CPU that plays a vital role to access memories and perform calculations on the basis of the number of instructions incorporated into the controller. This module falls under the category of AVR controllers that are based on Harvard architecture and come with separate locations reserved for both program and data memory.
To upload codes to ATtiny85, you need a avr programmer device that can communicate with the chip. There are several programmer devices that are compatible with ATtiny85, such as USBasp, Arduino as ISP, and Atmel AVRISP mkII.
Once you have the programmer device, you can connect it to your computer and the ATtiny85 chip using a breadboard or a custom PCB. You will also need to install the appropriate software, such as AVRDUDE or the Arduino IDE.
To upload the code to ATtiny85 using AVRDUDE, you will need to enter the appropriate commands in the command prompt or terminal window. For example, the command to upload a hex file to ATtiny85 using USBasp would be:
There are many compilers available for compiling the code in the AVR microcontroller. Some are better than others. Before you pick some compiler for your controller, make sure it is easy to use and stand fit for your needs and requirements.
Alternatively, you can use the Arduino IDE to upload the code to ATtiny85. To do this, you will need to install the ATtiny core for Arduino and select the appropriate board and programmer settings. You can then write your code in the Arduino IDE and upload it to ATtiny85 using the standard upload button.
Tiny things can work wonders if used a proper way. Both ATtiny85 and Arduino uno, when connected, can easily drive automation in your project and help in executing the number of instructions. You can connect ATtiny85 with the Arduino following way.
It is important to note that programming ATtiny85 can be a bit challenging for beginners, as it requires some knowledge of electronics and programming. However, there are many tutorials and resources available online that can help you get started. Once you get the hang of it, programming ATtiny85 can be a fun and rewarding experience.
In conclusion, the ATtiny85 microcontroller is a versatile and powerful device that packs a lot of functionality into a small package. Despite its modest size, it is capable of running a wide range of applications and can be used in projects that require real-time processing, low power consumption, and a small form factor.
Whether you are a beginner who is just getting started with microcontrollers or a seasoned professional looking for a compact and efficient solution for your next project, the ATtiny85 is definitely worth considering. With its analog input pins, 8-bit architecture, and built-in flash, SRAM, and EEPROM memory, it provides a good balance of features that make it suitable for a wide range of applications.
So, if you are looking for a microcontroller that is small, efficient, and powerful, be sure to check out the ATtiny85. With its simplicity and ease of use, it is a great way to get started with embedded systems and explore the world of microcontrollers.
For more details and specifications, check out ATtiny85 Datasheet.
With the latest release of Copilot it isn’t just smarter—it’s hands-on, placing components and applying bulk changes to your project instantly. But to get the most out of it, knowing how to craft the right prompt is key.
One of the key components of PCBs are vias, which are tiny pathways that allow electrical signals to travel from one layer of the board to another. Vias are a staple of PCB design.
If you're looking to improve your understanding of schematic diagrams, this article is the perfect starting point. Let's explore the crucial role of circuits and components schematics in translating conceptual electrical designs into physical printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs).
Despite newer technologies like USB and Ethernet, RS232 remains widely used due to its simplicity and broad compatibility. It's crucial in industries, scientific instruments, networking gear, and legacy computers. This protocol's reliability makes it the go-to for many applications. In this blog, we'll explore why RS232 continues to be relevant in our tech-savvy world.
In this article, we will explore Arduino Uno's fundamental concepts, specifications, and its comprehensive pinout details including programming with the Arduino IDE.
The blog details the creation of a LoRa IoT sensor node for agriculture, focusing on PCB design, power management, wireless connectivity, and sensor integration using the RP2040 microcontroller. It aims to bridge the technology gap in farming, enhancing productivity through data-driven insights.
If you're a lover of smart home devices, you're likely buzzing with excitement over Arduino's recent collaboration with Silicon Labs. We are too, and we’re even more excited to bring the power of this collaboration to life on Flux. As of today, we’re excited to announce that engineers can fully design Arduino-based Matter boards with Flux.
Imagine designing a PCB in a third less time than you're used to - that's the power of Flux Copilot's new upgrade, allowing it to wire components together for you. In this tutorial, we'll walk you through the important workflows and example prompts to help you design a Raspberry-Pi-Pico-like board in 20 minutes.
This article provides a comprehensive guide on pull-up and pull-down resistors, emphasizing their importance in establishing a known voltage level on microcontroller pins. It explains how to implement these resistors in Arduino circuits, discussing functions like pinMode and digitalRead. It also dives into real-world applications, voltage dividers, and tips for avoiding common mistakes.
We're excited to unveil our Smart Polygon system in Flux! This powerful capability builds on top of our automatic copper fills to transform how you create and manage custom copper areas in your PCB designs.
This blog highlights CES 2025 showcased projects, offering insights on how to recreate them using Flux. With Flux AI-driven design tools, component library, and customizable templates, engineers and hobbyists can build inspired hardware like wearables, drones, EV components, portable chargers, and solar devices.
Think you're familiar with the push button and its symbol? Prepare to be surprised! Join us in our latest blog post where we unravel the intricate science behind every press, click, and circuit, revealing the complexities hidden in the simplicity of a push button switch.
