A curated collection of PCB and hardware projects crafted by our talented Flux community.
Starting a new hardware project can be overwhelming, but the completely overhauled Copilot simplifies the process by guiding you through component selection, spec verification. Just describe your goals and Copilot engages in a focused conversation to refine your requirements like a seasoned hardware engineer.
Ask me a structured set of questions (about 5 one at a time) to help brainstorm and outline the most important parts of a project including the critical technical requirements, including power, components, performance, constraints, Use case etc
Always provide multiple options where applicable, considering trade-offs in cost, efficiency, size, and performance. By the end of this process, I want:
1. A block diagram illustrating the system architecture.
2. A complete list of all components, including passives and active components.
Instead of wading through datasheets and Google searches, use Copilot to select appropriate parts for implementation, recommending main and alternative components that meet design requirements. Tip: You can use tool like @library to direct Copilot to search the part library, or @file to direct Copilot to use datasheet details in it’s responses.
@library List out 5 switching regulators that I can use for my project with a maximum output current of 2A. Include key parameters such as input voltage range, output voltage range, switching frequency, efficiency, and package type.
@file extract the following details from the datasheet of @U2
1. Key features
2. Functional Pin Description
- List each pin with its name, function, and relevant electrical characteristics.
3. From the Typical Application Circuit:
- List all components present along with their values in a table format.
- Describe explicitly how each pin is connected.
4. Any circuit-Specific Design Notes
Identify alternative components for @U4 with similar functionality, pin configurations, and electrical characteristics. Include key differences and trade-offs.
@file extract the absolute maximum ratings of @U1 including voltage, current, and thermal limits. Present the data in a clear table format.
@file Explain @U1 in detail, including its purpose, key functions, and common applications. Describe how it operates within a circuit and any notable characteristics. Also, explain the family or series this component belongs to, highlighting its variations, key differences, and typical use cases compared to other models in the series.
@file Extract the recommended operating conditions for @IC2. Retrieve key parameters such as supply voltage range, operating temperature range, input/output voltage levels, and other relevant conditions specified for optimal performance.
Compare LMR33630ADDAR and MP2451DJ-LF-Z in terms of efficiency, output ripple, load regulation, and thermal performance. Highlight key differences in topology, switching frequency, and suitability for a [specific application, e.g., battery-powered wearable]. Provide a recommendation based on [input voltage range, output voltage, current requirements.
Analyze all the parts in the project context and generate a consolidated parts table that optimizes component selection. Specifically, apply the following consolidation rule:
- Identify passive components (resistors, capacitors, inductors) with the same values but different MPNs (Manufacturer Part Numbers).
- Propose a single standardized MPN for each unique value, prioritizing parts with better availability, and popular supplier.
Present the table clearly. The table must strictly list and analyze all passive components in the project context. It must not use vague terms such as “etc.” or truncate the list in any way. The table should have the following headers (Original Part Category (e.g., Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor), Original Values/Specs (e.g., 10kΩ, 1μF, 100mH), Original MPNs (List all variants found in the project), Proposed Consolidated MPN (Recommended single part), Reason for Consolidation (e.g., same specs, better tolerance, reduced part diversity)
Copilot isn’t just here to answer questions—it can take direct action in your project, helping you place components, modify properties, and refine your design faster than ever. Instead of manually searching for parts or tweaking values one by one, you can ask Copilot to handle specific tasks, like adding a resistor with a defined value or updating a component’s footprint.
When Copilot detects an action it can execute, you’ll see an action button appear—click it to apply the change instantly. If you don’t see a button, try rephrasing your request or breaking it into smaller steps. While Copilot can’t yet generate an entire schematic at once, it’s great at guiding you through the process, handling tedious tasks, and keeping your workflow smooth.
I want the 555 timer to operate at a frequency of 1.5 kHz.
@library add the following components to the project:
- NE555 Timer IC
- 2-Pin Terminal Block Connector (for power input)
- Resistors:
- R1 = 10kΩ
- R2 = 100Ω
- R3 (Current-limiting resistor for output)
- Capacitors:
- C1 = 100nF (0.1µF)
- C2 = 0.1µF (Decoupling capacitor)
- Diode: 1N4148
- LED
- Ground connection
@library add the following components to this project; NE555 Timer IC, 2-Pin Terminal Block Connector (for power input) and two 0603 1k ohm resistors
When working on a design, precise calculations are key—but instead of crunching numbers manually, Copilot can help streamline the process. Whether you need to size a resistor, calculate power consumption, or verify signal integrity, you can use Copilot to gather equations and relevant data before running calculations.
Start by pulling in the necessary formulas and values using @file or @library, ensuring you have all the details upfront. Once you’ve gathered the required inputs, use the @calculator tool to perform the calculations accurately. Taking this structured approach will help you get the most reliable results from Copilot.
@file obtain the equation for sizing the inductor for @U2, along with the required parameter values needed for the calculation.
@calculator calculate the inductor size for U2 needed for my project (Vin = 5V, Vout = 3.3V, Iout = 1A)
@calculator calculate the required PCB trace width for the 12V power rail according to the IPC-2221 standard. The trace should handle a current of 3A with a maximum allowable temperature rise of 10°C. Assume a copper thickness of 1oz and an ambient temperature of 25°C.
@calculator calculate the required decoupling capacitance for @C2 and @C3 considering ±50mv noise/ripple range.
Focuses on early project development to establish a solid project foundation.
@copilot, use mermaid-formatted block diagrams to generate 2 well-detailed architecture design of this project for comparison. Make sure to use the technical and functional requirements information.
@copilot, I’m designing a custom voice-controlled speaker and I initially want it to have buttons, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and rechargeable battery. Help me brainstorm and develop a comprehensive product requirements document. Ask me one question at a time, waiting for my response before moving to the next question.
@copilot, validate the the suggested architecture in the block diagram matches the product requirements set for this project. Point out any missing blocks that would be needed to satisfy the requirements.
Brainstorm and optimize modular circuit blocks for faster hardware development.
@copilot, based on my requirements, help me figure out the best power architecture for this project. What should the power tree look like?
Involves choosing appropriate parts for implementation, recommending main and alternative components that meet design requirements.
@copilot, here's the block diagram of this design. In a table format, recommend at least 3 IC for each block highlighting the electrical characteristics of the IC and why you recommended it.
@copilot, list all components specified in the datasheet of U1 for building the typical application circuit. Present the information in a detailed table format with equations needed to size the components.
@copilot, outline the electrical characteristics of U4 as detailed in the datasheet. Then, suggest at least four drop-in replacement parts, presented in a table format with the columns
@copilot, query all components in the schematic that do not have an assigned manufacturer part number (MPN). Compile these components into a table format with the following details: Designator, Component Function, Electrical Properties, and Recommended MPN (Provide a list of recommended part numbers based on the component's properties, focusing on the most popular and widely available parts).
Focuses on optimizing component selection and management, including consolidating similar passive components and addressing part obsolescence to streamline the bill of materials and reduce costs.
@copilot, perform a BoM consolidation review to identify passive components (resistors, capacitors, and inductors) that have similar but different values (within ±50%) and the same package code. The goal is to simplify the BoM and reduce costs by replacing these components with a single value where possible, without affecting the circuit's functionality.
For each group of similar components, compare their electrical and mechanical characteristics, then identify a single value that can replace the others. Provide a detailed comparison table for each group, listing the designators, component values, package codes, and the proposed consolidated value, along with key specifications and any additional notes. Document the final proposed consolidated BoM in a table format.
@copilot, identify all components in the schematic that are either obsolete or not recommended for new designs (NRND). Compile these components into a table with the following details: Designator, Description/Function, Obsolete/NRND Status, Recommended Alternative Parts (Suggest at least 2 alternative components and their MPN that are current, widely available, and suitable replacements, based on the original component's specifications).
Involves precise calculations for sizing various components often using Python for accuracy and presenting results in detailed tables.
@copilot, from the datasheet of U1 obtain equations used to
Calculate these values using python and present the results in a clear and detailed table.
@copilot, use Python to calculate the load capacitors for Y1 using the information from its datasheet.
@copilot, use the datasheets of LED D5 and D2 to obtain electrical characteristics needed to calculate the appropriate current-limiting resistor value. Then use python to calculate the value and present it in a well detailed table forma.
Involves detailed examination of integrated components to ensure proper component selection and usage in the design.
@copilot, from the datasheet of U2 List the pin names, functions, and additional attributes for the IC. Include the following details for each pin in a table format: Pin Name, Function, Pin Type (e.g., power, ground, signal), Pin Direction (e.g., input, output, bidirectional, passive), Default State (e.g., high, low, floating), Voltage Level (if applicable), Additional Notes (e.g., pull-up/pull-down resistor, special considerations).
@copilot What are the absolute maximum ratings for U5? Identify any critical components that must be carefully selected to stay within these limits and present the results in a well detailed table format.
Utilizes Python to create visual representations of design data to assist in analysis and decision-making.
@copilot, use python to plot a bar graph showing the most expensive components in this design.
Provides thorough checks of specific circuit elements to verify correct calculations and implementation in the schematic and layout.
@copilot, list all ICs and the decoupling capacitors attached to each. Ensure to include all ICs present in the design, including digital ICs, power converters, LDOs, etc. For every IC, clearly state:
@copilot, review the design to ensure all current-limiting resistors for LEDs are correctly calculated for a current range of 1mA to 10mA. Follow these steps:
@copilot, determine the efficiency of U4 at various load conditions, considering that the input is a battery with a voltage range from 4.2V (fully charged) to 3.3V (low battery level). Identify which components in the circuit affect this efficiency and present that in a detailed table. Finally, use python to plot a graph showing the efficiency of U1 across the range of load conditions and input voltages.
Generates test plans and collaborative workflows, ensuring your hardware is manufactured error-free.
@copilot, create a detailed step-by-step plan table for this project to verify its functionality.
@copilot, develop an FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) report in a table format that analyzes the systems schematic, each unique component specification, and operational parameters. It should identify critical failure modes, assess their impact, and recommend mitigation actions based on severity, occurrence probability, and detectability. Include columns such as: process step, potential failure mode, potential failure effect, S, O, D, RPN, Action Recommended, and any other you see fit.
Copilot can help get you started quickly by understanding the requirements and providing guidance.
@copilot here's a block diagram I've been working on. Can you suggest ICs I might use to implement this in Flux?
@copilot I'd like to build a smart curtain that opens or closes based on the amount of sunshine I want to enter my room. How would you approach designing this? Please ask me questions to help with the development.
@copilot I'm designing a PCB for a medical device that measures heart rate and temperature. Can you give me the list of components I will need?
@copilot I'd like to build geeky wristwatch with LED display. How would you approach building this? Please ask me questions to help me design this.
Copilot can connect complex parts for you, explore design options, and provide a bill of materials for a target project.
@copilot here's a plot of the charging profile of U2. What charging phase would it be in at 3.2V?
@copilot, how would I connect these parts to make the LED flash at 1kHz?
@copilot, how would I connect these two HDMI connectors as a pass through?
@copilot, how should I connect RP2040 and TFT LCD?
@copilot can you choose 4 digital pins on the ATMega328P-AU that I have here to use as GPIO given that I am already using some pins for reset, the external clock, UART, and I2C.
Copilot can understand datasheets and reference them in its responses. This means you get more accurate responses when asking Copilot questions about specific parts.
@copilot what's the max voltage I can supply to U2?
@copilot can U2 withstand intense operating temperatures even without a heatsink?
@copilot what is the maximum frequency I can reach without an external crystal on U6?
@copilot I'm a firmware engineer. How do I configure an interrupt on a pin for U4?
@copilot what are the clock requirements for U4?
Copilot answers questions about how to use Flux by referencing our documentation. So, instead of getting stuck and searching documentation, you can stay in the flow and get the help you need without leaving your project!
@copilot can you explain the different dimensions of this footprint diagram?
@copilot how do I know if a part has a simulation model?
@copilot how do I connect ground to these components?
@copilot I can't find part on the library what do I do?
@copilot how do I know my projects are safe and private?
@copilot what resistor do I need to limit the current on LED1 while being driven by U1?
@copilot can you help me debugging this circuit, and help me understand if there's any problems?
@copilot can you check all my components in my schematic and tell me if I am missing any manufacturer part number fields?
@copilot how would I decrease the distance between my ground fill and my vias?
Copilot can provide valuable recommendations to optimize your design based on constraints and specifications.
@copilot please review this block diagram and compare it to my project, is there anything I'm missing?
@copilot what components do I need to power a 30w speaker to this audio driver amplifier?
@copilot can you suggest a suitable ADC for microphone pickup going through an Arduino Uno?
@copilot can I use U1 to make a 20db gain op-amp?
@copilot I want to build a PCB that uses a solar panel to charge a single cell LiPo battery. I want to measure ambient pressure with a microcontroller and send that over WiFi. What are all the components I would need?
Copilot can offer tailored suggestions and analyze tradeoffs based on your project goals, constraints, and specifications.
@copilot can you suggest an alternative to C1 that meets the same specs but is more cost-effective?
@copilot are there any alternatives to U2 that have better availability?
Flux Copilot has a range of tools to help you through your design process. For the best results, use one tool at a time. This helps Copilot focus on a single task, making its responses more accurate and actionable.
Flux Copilot is here to make hardware design more straightforward and efficient. By following these prompts and tips, you can streamline your workflow, reduce errors, and tackle each step of your project with confidence. Feel free to share your results and favorite prompts in our Slack Community.
Happy designing!
💡 Did you know that one of the capabilities of Flux Copilot, an AI powered hardware design assistant is its ability to calculate the total resistance between any two points in your schematic diagram? You can effortlessly determine the overall resistance, making complex calculations a breeze. Try Flux now, and best of all, it's completely free!
This means you don't need to do any calculations or formula anymore. Through a simple chat interface, just simply ask Copilot,
"@copilot what is the total resistance across terminal 1 and terminal 2?"
and wait a moment for Flux Copilot to response with the calculated total resistance value. It can even determine series or/and parallel resistor configuration automatically. It's like your holding a physical ohm meter and reading the actual resistance of a circuit. See it for yourself!
As electronics enthusiasts and professionals, we are always on the lookout for tools that can streamline our design process and improve our understanding of circuit behavior. The parallel and series resistor calculator is one such indispensable tool that enables efficient and accurate analysis of resistor networks. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the concept of parallel and series resistors, the importance of resistor calculators, and the benefits they provide.
Parallel resistors refer to resistors connected end-to-end, sharing the same voltage across their terminals. When resistors are connected in parallel, their combined resistance is less than the smallest individual resistor's value.
The total resistance in a parallel configuration is given by the formula:
Series resistors are connected in a way that the end terminal of one resistor is connected to the starting terminal of the next resistor. In series configuration, the current flows sequentially through each resistor, and there is only one current path through the entire resistor network. The resistors should beconnected end-to-end, with no junction points or branches between them. Worth noting that same current flows through each resistor in this configuration, and the voltage drop across each resistor is proportional to its resistance.
The total resistance in a series configuration is simply the sum of the individual resistances:
Manual calculations can be tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone, particularly when dealing with multiple resistors or complex circuits. This is where parallel and series resistor calculators come into play, offering valuable benefits such as:
Parallel and series resistor calculators are designed to provide quick and accurate results for resistor networks. These calculators generally include the following features:
These resistor calculators are valuable tools for professionals and hobbyists alike. Some common applications include:
Parallel and series resistor calculators are essential tools for anyone working with electronic circuits. They simplify calculations, save time and effort, and reduce the risk of design errors. By understanding their significance and choosing the right calculator, you can ensure that your projects run smoothly and efficiently. So, go ahead and harness the power of these indispensable tools to elevate your circuit design skills to new heights.
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If you're looking to improve your understanding of schematic diagrams, this article is the perfect starting point. Let's explore the crucial role of circuits and components schematics in translating conceptual electrical designs into physical printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs).
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The Arduino Pro Micro is a compact microcontroller within the Arduino ecosystem, based on the ATmega32U4. It's ideal for small applications, offering 20 digital I/O pins, built-in USB support, and easy programming. While having some limitations, its flexibility makes it popular for wearables, robotics, and DIY projects.
In this blog post, we explore how Flux.ai effectively uses Web Workers and ImmerJS to enhance data replication in our web-based EDA tool. We discuss our challenges with data transfer, our exploration of SharedArrayBuffer, and our ultimate solution using ImmerJS patches.
Managing inductive loads in electronics can pose challenges due to voltage spikes. The flyback diode serves as a protective component, preventing damage to delicate parts like transistors. This article dives deep into its functionality, types, and real-world applications.
Easily calculate resistor values with Flux online Resistor Color Code Calculator. This powerful tool saves time and eliminates errors for electronics enthusiasts and professionals.
Imagine designing a PCB in a third less time than you're used to - that's the power of Flux Copilot's new upgrade, allowing it to wire components together for you. In this tutorial, we'll walk you through the important workflows and example prompts to help you design a Raspberry-Pi-Pico-like board in 20 minutes.
Think you're familiar with the push button and its symbol? Prepare to be surprised! Join us in our latest blog post where we unravel the intricate science behind every press, click, and circuit, revealing the complexities hidden in the simplicity of a push button switch.
Discover our latest schematic design updates that streamline wire adjustments, component alignment, and intuitive pin connections, making your design process faster and meeting your high standards for precision. These enhancements, coupled with our AI design assistant, ensure a solid foundation for your projects.
Learn about STM32 microcontrollers, popular series, USB OTG, SWD, UART, and development tools. Find the right STM32 MCU and kickstart your projects.
